The Korean Writing SystemSyllablesNounsPredicatesFormal and Informal SpeechPre-Final and Final EndingsSpeech LevelAdding ㅓ or ㅏ to a predicate stemWords with 받침Adding 으 to predicates stemsThe Deferential Speech LevelThe Intimate Speech LevelThe Polite Speech LevelThe Plain Speech LevelThe Honorific Ending 시Irregular PredicatesParticlesThe Subject Particle 가 and 이The object particle 를 and 을The Topic Particle 는 and 은Forming a Sentence이다 and 아니다있다 and 없다NegationPast TensePredicates as ModifiersDeterminersBound NounsExpressing desire with 고 싶다NumbersCountersQuestionsThe Particle 에The Plural Particle 들The Possessive Particle 의The Particle 에서The Particle 도The Particle 부터The Particle 까지The Particle 만

Predicates as Modifiers

A suffix can be added to a predicate stem in order to change it into a modifier. Different kinds of modifier are added to a predicate stem to indicate tense.
Verbs as modifiers in the present tense
To change a verb to a modifier in the present tense, the suffix 는 is added.
 
The man who goes.
Verbs as modifiers in the past tense
To change a verb to a modifier in the past tense, the suffix 은 is added to the verb stem when the verb ends in a consonant. If the verb stem ends in a vowel ㄴ becomes a suffix as a 받침.
  설샤
(I) am Saoirse from Ireland.
   
(I) have lost several times.
Verbs as modifiers in the prospective tense
To change a verb to a modifier in the prospective tense, the suffix 을 is added to the verb stem when the verb ends in a consonant. If the verb stem ends in a vowel ㄹ becomes a suffix as a 받침. A modifier in the prospective tense does not indicate that the action the verb describes is guaranteed to occur in the future.
    
The letters that may be sent will arrive from China.
     
I'm planning to read a book on vacation.
Adjectives as modifiers
To change an adjective to a modifier, the suffix 은 is added to the adjective stem when the adjective ends in a consonant. If the verb stem ends in a vowel ㄴ becomes a suffix as a 받침.
 
A beautiful woman
 
A large building
 
A slow cat
 
A difficult day
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